美國編劇協會「101部最佳電影劇本」

FlyingDonkey

http://www.wga.org/subpage_newsevents.aspx?id=1807

1.         CASABLANCA
Screenplay by Julius J. & Philip G. Epstein and Howard Koch. Based on the play "Everybody Comes to Rick's" by Murray Burnett and Joan Alison
FACTS ABOUT THE FILM
2.         THE GODFATHER
Screenplay by Mario Puzo and Francis Ford Coppola. Based on the novel by Mario Puzo
FACTS ABOUT THE FILM
3.         CHINATOWN
Written by Robert Towne
FACTS ABOUT THE FILM
4.         CITIZEN KANE
Written by Herman Mankiewicz and Orson Welles
FACTS ABOUT THE FILM
5.         ALL ABOUT EVE
Screenplay by Joseph L. Mankiewicz. Based on "The Wisdom of Eve," a short story and radio play by Mary Orr
FACTS ABOUT THE FILM
6.         ANNIE HALL
Written by Woody Allen and Marshall Brickman
FACTS ABOUT THE FILM
7.         SUNSET BLVD.
Written by Charles Brackett & Billy Wilder and D.M. Marshman, Jr.
FACTS ABOUT THE FILM
8.         NETWORK
Written by Paddy Chayefsky
FACTS ABOUT THE FILM
9.         SOME LIKE IT HOT
Screenplay by Billy Wilder & I.A.L. Diamond. Based on "Fanfare of Love," a German film written by Robert Thoeren and M. Logan
FACTS ABOUT THE FILM
10.         THE GODFATHER II
Screenplay by Francis Ford Coppola and Mario Puzo. Based on Mario Puzo's novel "The Godfather"
FACTS ABOUT THE FILM
11.         BUTCH CASSIDY AND THE SUNDANCE KID
Written by William Goldman
12.         DR. STRANGELOVE
Screenplay by Stanley Kubrick and Peter George and Terry Southern. Based on novel "Red Alert" by Peter George
13.         THE GRADUATE
Screenplay by Calder Willingham and Buck Henry. Based on the novel by Charles Webb
14.         LAWRENCE OF ARABIA
Screenplay by Robert Bolt and Michael Wilson. Based on the life and writings of Col. T.E. Lawrence
15.         THE APARTMENT
Written by Billy Wilder & I.A.L. Diamond
16.         PULP FICTION
Written by Quentin Tarantino. Stories by Quentin Tarantino & Roger Avary
17.         TOOTSIE
Screenplay by Larry Gelbart and Murray Schisgal. Story by Don McGuire and Larry Gelbart
18.         ON THE WATERFRONT
Screen Story and Screenplay by Budd Schulberg. Based on "Crime on the Waterfront" articles by Malcolm Johnson
19.         TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD
Screenplay by Horton Foote. Based on the novel by Harper Lee
20.         IT'S A WONDERFUL LIFE
Screenplay by Frances Goodrich & Albert Hackett & Frank Capra. Based on short story "The Greatest Gift" by Philip Van Doren Stern. Contributions to screenplay Michael Wilson and Jo Swerling
21.         NORTH BY NORTHWEST
Written by Ernest Lehman
22.         THE SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION
Screenplay by Frank Darabont. Based on the short story "Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption" by Stephen King
23.         GONE WITH THE WIND
Screenplay by Sidney Howard. Based on the novel by Margaret Mitchell
24.         ETERNAL SUNSHINE OF THE SPOTLESS MIND
Screenplay by Charlie Kaufman. Story by Charlie Kaufman & Michel Gondry & Pierre Bismuth
25.         THE WIZARD OF OZ
Screenplay by Noel Langley and Florence Ryerson and Edgar Allan Woolf Adaptation by Noel Langley. Based on the novel by L. Frank Baum
26.         DOUBLE INDEMNITY
Screenplay by Billy Wilder and Raymond Chandler. Based on the novel by James M. Cain
27.         GROUNDHOG DAY
Screenplay by Danny Rubin and Harold Ramis. Story by Danny Rubin
28.         SHAKESPEARE IN LOVE
Written by Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard
29.         SULLIVAN'S TRAVELS
Written by Preston Sturges
30.         UNFORGIVEN
Written by David Webb Peoples
31.         HIS GIRL FRIDAY
Screenplay by Charles Lederer. Based on the play "The Front Page" by Ben Hecht & Charles MacArthur
32.         FARGO
Written by Joel Coen & Ethan Coen
33.         THE THIRD MAN
Screenplay by Graham Greene. Story by Graham Greene. Based on the short story by Graham Greene
34.         THE SWEET SMELL OF SUCCESS
Screenplay by Clifford Odets and Ernest Lehman. From a novelette by Ernest Lehman
35.         THE USUAL SUSPECTS
Written by Christopher McQuarrie
36.         MIDNIGHT COWBOY
Screenplay by Waldo Salt. Based on the novel by James Leo Herlihy
37.         THE PHILADELPHIA STORY
Screenplay by Donald Ogden Stewart. Based on the play by Philip Barry
38.         AMERICAN BEAUTY
Written by Alan Ball
39.         THE STING
Written by David S. Ward
40.         WHEN HARRY MET SALLY
Written by Nora Ephron
41.         GOODFELLAS
Screenplay by Nicholas Pileggi & Martin Scorsese. Based on book "Wise Guy" by Nicholas Pileggi
42.         RAIDERS OF THE LOST ARK
Screenplay by Lawrence Kasdan. Story by George Lucas and Philip Kaufman
43.         TAXI DRIVER
Written by Paul Schrader
44.         THE BEST YEARS OF OUR LIVES
Screenplay by Robert E. Sherwood. Based on novel "Glory For Me" by MacKinley Kantor
45.         ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST
Screenplay by Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman. Based on the novel by Ken Kesey
46.         THE TREASURE OF THE SIERRA MADRE
Screenplay by John Huston. Based on the novel by B. Traven
47.         THE MALTESE FALCON
Screenplay by John Huston. Based on the novel by Dashiell Hammett
48.         THE BRIDGE ON THE RIVER KWAI
Screenplay by Carl Foreman and Michael Wilson. Based on the novel by Pierre Boulle
49.         SCHINDLER'S LIST
Screenplay by Steven Zaillian. Based on the novel by Thomas Keneally
50.         THE SIXTH SENSE
Written by M. Night Shyamalan
51.         BROADCAST NEWS
Written by James L. Brooks
52.         THE LADY EVE
Screenplay by Preston Sturges. Story by Monckton Hoffe
53.         ALL THE PRESIDENT'S MEN
Screenplay by William Goldman. Based on the book by Carl Bernstein & Bob Woodward
54.         MANHATTAN
Written by Woody Allen & Marshall Brickman
55.         APOCALYPSE NOW
Written by John Milius and Francis Coppola. Narration by Michael Herr
56.         BACK TO THE FUTURE
Written by Robert Zemeckis & Bob Gale
57.         CRIMES AND MISDEMEANORS
Written by Woody Allen
58.         ORDINARY PEOPLE
Screenplay by Alvin Sargent. Based on the novel by Judith Guest
59.         IT HAPPENED ONE NIGHT
Screenplay by Robert Riskin. Based on the story "Night Bus" by Samuel Hopkins Adams
60.         L.A. CONFIDENTIAL
Screenplay by Brian Helgeland & Curtis Hanson. Based on the novel by James Ellroy
61.         THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS
Screenplay by Ted Tally. Based on the novel by Thomas Harris
62.         MOONSTRUCK
Written by John Patrick Shanley
63.         JAWS
Screenplay by Peter Benchley and Carl Gottlieb. Based on the novel by Peter Benchley
64.         TERMS OF ENDEARMENT
Screenplay by James L. Brooks. Based on the novel by Larry McMurtry
65.         SINGIN' IN THE RAIN
Screen Story and Screenplay by Betty Comden & Adolph Green. Based on the song by Arthur Freed and Nacio Herb Brown
66.         JERRY MAGUIRE
Written by Cameron Crowe
67.         E.T. THE EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL
Written by Melissa Mathison
68.         STAR WARS
Written by George Lucasn
69.         DOG DAY AFTERNOON
Screenplay by Frank Pierson. Based on a magazine article by P.F. Kluge and Thomas Moore
70.         THE AFRICAN QUEEN
Screenplay by James Agee and John Huston. Based on the novel by C.S. Forester
71.         THE LION IN WINTER
Screenplay by James Goldman. Based on the play by James Goldman
72.         THELMA & LOUISE
Written by Callie Khouri
73.         AMADEUS
Screenplay by Peter Shaffer. Based on his play
74.         BEING JOHN MALKOVICH
Written by Charlie Kaufman
75.         HIGH NOON
Screenplay by Carl Foreman. Based on short story "The Tin Star" by John W. Cunningham
76.         RAGING BULL
Screenplay by Paul Schrader and Mardik Martin. Based on the book by Jake La Motta with Joseph Carter and Peter Savage
77.         ADAPTATION
Screenplay by Charlie Kaufman and Donald Kaufman. Based on the book "The Orchid Thief" by Susan Orlean
78.         ROCKY
Written by Sylvester Stallone
79.         THE PRODUCERS
Written by Mel Brooks
80.         WITNESS
Screenplay by Earl W. Wallace & William Kelley. Story by William Kelley and Pamela Wallace & Earl W. Wallace
81.         BEING THERE
Screenplay by Jerzy Kosinski. Inspired by the novel by Jerzy Kosinski
82.         COOL HAND LUKE
Screenplay by Donn Pearce and Frank Pierson. Based on the novel by Donn Pearce
83.         REAR WINDOW
Screenplay by John Michael Hayes. Based on the short story by Cornell Woolrich
84.         THE PRINCESS BRIDE
Screenplay by William Goldman. Based on his novel
85.         LA GRANDE ILLUSION
Written by Jean Renoir and Charles Spaak
86.         HAROLD & MAUDE
Written by Colin Higgins
87.         8 1/2
Screenplay by Federico Fellini, Tullio Pinelli, Ennio Flaiano, Brunello Rond. Story by Fellini, Flaiano
88.         FIELD OF DREAMS
Screenplay by Phil Alden Robinson. Based on the book by W.P. Kinsella
89.         FORREST GUMP
Screenplay by Eric Roth. Based on the novel by Winston Groom
90.         SIDEWAYS
Screenplay by Alexander Payne & Jim Taylor. Based on the novel by Rex Pickett
91.         THE VERDICT
Screenplay by David Mamet. Based on the novel by Barry Reed
92.         PSYCHO
Screenplay by Joseph Stefano. Based on the novel by Robert Bloch
93.         DO THE RIGHT THING
Written by Spike Lee
94.         PATTON
Screen Story and Screenplay by Francis Ford Coppola and Edmund H. North. Based on "A Soldier's Story" by Omar H. Bradley and "Patton: Ordeal and Triumph" by Ladislas Farago
95.         HANNAH AND HER SISTERS
Written by Woody Allen
96.         THE HUSTLER
Screenplay by Sidney Carroll & Robert Rossen. Based on the novel by Walter Tevis
97.         THE SEARCHERS
Screenplay by Frank S. Nugent. Based on the novel by Alan Le May
98.         THE GRAPES OF WRATH
Screenplay by Nunnally Johnson. Based on the novel by John Steinbeck
99.         THE WILD BUNCH
Screenplay by Walon Green and Sam Peckinpah. Story by Walon Green and Roy Sickner
100.         MEMENTO
Screenplay by Christopher Nolan. Based on the short story "Memento Mori" by Jonathan Nolan
101.         NOTORIOUS
Written by Ben Hecht

FlyingDonkey

http://blog.webs-tv.net/tonyblue/article/1679795

美國人選出了101部最佳電影劇本，可是媒體都只報導前十名，其他的91部作品是什麼？


新聞報導，有時候只是浮光掠影，湊湊熱鬧，簡單訊息講完之後，就結束了，想要深度解饞，想要深入鑽研，專業解讀就很重要，做了不少深度經營的網路、雜誌、書本都會比一般新聞來得好看的原因即在於此。

美國編劇協會四月七日宣布了電影史上「101部最佳電影劇本」，這份排行榜是由美國編劇協會去年夏天發函給全體會員，根據一千四百多部知名電影劇本中評選而出的結果。

今天各媒體的主要內容只有兩個重點，一，前十名的排行名單，二，作品入選率最高的大編劇，大導演。就新聞論新聞，把「101部最佳電影劇本」的前十名作品從《北非諜影》、《教父》、《唐人街》、《大國民》、《彗星美人》、《安妮霍爾》、《紅樓金粉（即《日落大道》）》、《螢光幕後》、《熱情如火》到《教父續集》都按排名排列出來，是最基本的新聞內容；另外，再從統計學出發，標舉伍迪．艾倫、法蘭西斯．柯波拉以及比利．懷德三位大導演都各自有四部劇本上榜，也是肯定他們編劇功力，服務影迷的基礎工程。
   
但是，光看這樣的訊息，如果你就滿足了，你很難說自己是影迷哦，一般的影迷應該都會問自己：「這十部，我看過幾部？」其次，則是「如果我想看沒看過的十大劇本作品，到那裡可以看得到？」再來則是應該問自己：「其他的91部優秀作品是那些？」或者「這前十名的劇本到底有什麼特色？」
  
第一個問題，大家的答案各不相同；第二個問題可以在「百視達」或「亞藝影音」中找到答案，畢竟這十部作品中除了《彗星美人》和《螢光幕後》稍嫌冷門了些（我的意思是台灣的影碟商人並沒有發行正式授權版），但是諸如《熱情如火》和《大國民》雖然發行過精緻版，但是數量極少，目前幾乎找不到合法授權版本，只剩公共版權失效前台灣片商自行翻製的版本，字幕錯譯相當嚴重，畫質也不夠好。
   
第三、四個問題則可以到美國編劇協會（Writers Guild of America）的官網上去尋寶，按以下的網址http://www.wga.org/subpage_newsevents.aspx?id=1684 去點選，就可以看到全部101部作品的名單；同時，也就可以看到前十名作品的一些幕後趣聞。
     .
這就是專業與熱鬧的區別所在。
   
編劇協會的票選活動目的當然是要肯定編劇的成就，讓前輩先賢的努力都能流傳全世，是協會的天職，但是光有名單，沒有內容，很難交代的，網路的可愛就在於讓看熱鬧的人湊熱鬧，然而想要看門道的人，可以另有門道可看。
   
以十大中佔有兩席之地的《教父》而言，最關鍵的兩位編劇當然就是小說原著馬里歐．普佐（Mario Puzo）和兼任編劇的導演柯波拉（Francis Ford Coppola）。讓影迷們知道普佐在寫「教父」小說時，已經破產，卻能靠著二十頁的故事大綱就騙得了蘭燈書屋的出版合約，同時也告訴影迷，柯波拉早在 UCLA唸書時就展露才情，得到了山姆．高德溫編劇獎，因而能早早進入影壇，既編又導，都是有趣的作家成名史。

至於柯波拉的用字太文雅，普佐還要修改柯波拉的劇本文字，以符合黑手黨人特質的故事，也是很有趣的一堂編劇課。原本，柯波拉在描寫黑手黨徒Clemenza 在油炸香腸時，用了「browns」這個字，但是普佐認為黑手黨徒不用「browns」這個字，於是改成了最平民化的「fries」香腸。
  
此外，柯波拉認為《教父續集》和一般的續集電影不一樣，他的概念是就像一部小說的「第二篇章（part two）」，影像風格、攝影美學和人物性格都要首尾一貫，更重要的是柯波拉最想拍的故事概念是「一對父子在相同年紀時所做的事」，因為柯波拉相信「從父親身上，你可以看出兒子未來的可能發展；從兒子身上，你可以看出父親的影響」，任何想從事編劇的人，一定可以從這兩句話上得到相當的啟發。
  
對我而言最有趣的分析就是「教父橘子學」。
   
熟悉《教父》的朋友都不會忘記，馬龍．白蘭度就是在水果攤買橘子時遇伏中槍，可是你一定要成精了，才會發覺橘子是《教父》中的噩運符，只要有人吃橘子或玩橘子時，一定就會有悲劇發生，信不信？不信的人請重看《教父》，你一定會赫然發覺：「這是真的！」當然，知道就好，請不要告訴親民黨人，他們會難過的。